回答 [Forecast Q2-2025] - Communication in Science

の回答と詳細な説明 [Forecast Q2-2025] - Communication in Science

Answer Table

1. A

2. C

3. B

4. A

5. D

6. FALSE

7. NOT GIVEN

8. FALSE

9. TRUE

10. esoteric

11. theory

12. climate change

13. complex

14. the public

Explain

[Forecast Q2-2025] - Communication in Science

A Science is the cornerstone of life — 1it is the essence of better understanding what we think we know and developing new knowledge. Despite the important role science plays in the advancement of humanity, communicating scientific findings is more difficult than ever. Miscommunications and distortion lead to unnecessary confusion and misunderstandings.

B Perhaps the biggest challenge in advancing scientific knowledge starts with scientists themselves. Scientists tend to use complicated language which at times can be difficult for the intended audience to understand.

10Moreover, many people wrongfully assume that the esoteric nature of new scientific research implies that the findings are erroneous. Rather, it should be viewed as a tribute to the success of human ingenuity in solving some of the more pressing issues.

Some of the more notable examples include pressing global issues currently dominating media headlines. Solving the global warming crisis certainly comes to mind as well as improving the lives of people suffering from cancer. Of course, science can extend to other topics that are not necessarily life and death, such as understanding how a diet affects weight loss.

C 2Ambiguous language by definition can have more than one interpretation which leads to misunderstanding and crafts further debates among the scientific community. 6Scientists sometimes feel guilty of using colloquial language, including slang and jargon that may be easy for some to understand, but an incomprehensible concept for others.

One such example is the term ‘relativity’ which is by definition intrinsically misleading. Some would say it implies everything is relative, and there are no absolutes, considering for example Einstein's ‘theory of relativity’ which focuses on finding an intra variant description of physical phenomena.

D The ‘uncertainty principle’ is another term that is frequently misused in the scientific community. 7Some people take a look at the term and conclude it refers to a limitation on observers and the ability to make measurements.

E 11One can also make the argument that the word ‘theory’ is problematic. Many people define ‘theory’ as a yet to be proven idea that requires further evaluation. The process varies across the scientific community as physicists, for example, look at a definite physical framework within a set of fundamental assumptions about the world that could yield a set of predictions.

8Theories by definition never represent truth and they are never completely correct, especially in the early stages of the scientific process. One of the more notable examples is Einstein's nearly decade long quest to perfect his research on the theory of relativity. Even today it remains a theory in the sense that it cannot be proven correct.

F Global warming continues to dominate media headlines but even the name itself is problematic. Climate scientists are tasked with modeling potential fluctuations in temperatures and should not be considered predicting weather trends for the upcoming months.

However, many people fail to understand the science behind climate research. Instead, many are quick to brush off the scientific community and question their credibility if an upcoming winter proves to be colder than usual.

3-12Therefore, there is a controversy within the scientific community of this field about whether it is necessary to have a name change from global warming to climate change, though such change will not generate any benefit to the research itself.

G 9Harvard University was ground-zero for useless and meaningless debates exploring if gender determines the ability of a scientist to generate results. The data could not be any clearer: some social factors may account for small differences between men and women, but as a whole, there is no correlation between gender and scientific ability.

A perfect analogy would be information gathered from an unmanned space mission is no more or no less legitimate if the same data was compiled by astronauts.

H It would be a mistake to assume that questioning the data compiled by a scientist is a direct attack on the scientist themselves. This may be even more of an important topic for scientists working in fields that have urgent implications.

4Also, if a scientist acknowledges it is nearly impossible or completely impossible to come to a conclusion, it would be an error to assume the project was a complete failure. More specifically, there may be some mathematical significance in the study, although the public tends to treat maths with skepticism.

I At the end of the day, 13one of the biggest takeaways is to recognise that science is complex. Accepting only the simple findings that are easy to understand may make us feel good, but the world will not progress.

Scientists can also play a role in helping the world understand important topics. They may want to consider taking time out of their busy schedule and offer an easy-to-understand explanation of their work. 14The public should embrace scientists who go the extra mile and be more patient to comprehend how scientists process their studies.

5Nevertheless, avoiding every conflict, misunderstanding, or difficulty is simply impossible. Science is a never-ending experiment that has no deadline and no one knows the big picture — at least not yet.

Questions 1-5

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

1According to section A, the writer points out that science

A. broadens our horizons for further discoveries.

B. expands our knowledge in humanity solely.

C. reduces miscommunications and misunderstandings.

D. grows to be more difficult for common people.

2In section C, the writer states the opinion that

A. the exploration of new ideas should be recorded in comprehensible language.

B. scientific theories are generally filled with misleading terms.

C. imprecise language leads to unnecessary confusion among scientists.

D. the popularity of using colloquial language is rising in the scientific community.

3When referring to the change of a climate terminology, the writer emphasizes that

A. it will help the public understand climate scientists.

B. it will not help scientists in any meaningful way.

C. it will increase the credibility of relative research results.

D. it cannot reverse climate change.

4What does the writer imply in section H?

A. A project can still be valuable even if there is no outcome.

B. More accurate research is needed.

C. Research must be goal driven.

D. Arguments made earlier are wrong.

5What point does the writer emphasize in section I?

A. Full explanations should be left out of the public sphere.

B. Simple findings make no contribution to scientific development.

C. It is easy for scientists to explain what they have achieved in research.

D. In the field of science, we will always encounter miscommunication.

Questions 6-9

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE If the statement agrees with the information

FALSE If the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN If there is no information on this

6

Scientists always believe it is reasonable to use informal terms.

Correct answer: FALSE

7

The uncertainty principle means we can never have absolute confidence in our measurements.

Correct answer: NOT GIVEN

8

Theories are true when they are based on scientific experiments.

Correct answer: FALSE

9

The gender of scientists does not influence the outcome of research.

Correct answer: TRUE

Questions 10-14

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 10-14 on your answer sheet.

The language used to discuss science can often lead to confusion. Some people think the 10 (esoteric) nature of current scientific studies is a relevant reason. The author identifies a few examples of misleading terms.

The term 11 (theory) , for instance, is commonly referred to as an idea that has not been proven. Even within scientific communities, there is a debate; for example, some scientists question the necessity of using the term 12 (climate change) to redefine their field of research. It is necessary to realise that science, as a field, is 13 (complex) and that scientists need to avoid overusing technical terms when conveying their ideas to others. At the same time, 14 (the public) should take more time to understand how the scientific process works.