Questions 1 - 10:
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Most birds are believed to migrate seasonally.
Hibernation theory
- It was believed that birds hibernated underwater or buried themselves in 1
- This theory was later disproved by experiments on caged birds.
Transmutation theory
- Aristotle believed birds changed from one species into another in summer and winter.
– In autumn he observed that redstarts experience the loss of 2 and thought they then turned into robins.
– Aristotle’s assumptions were logical because the two species of birds had a similar 3
17th century
- Charles Morton popularised the idea that birds fly to the 4 in winter.
Scientific developments
- In 1822, a stork was killed in Germany which had an African spear in its 5
– previously there had been no 6 that storks migrate to Africa
- Little was known about the 7 and journeys of migrating birds until the practice of ringing was established.
– It was thought large birds carried small birds on some journeys because they were considered incapable of travelling across huge 8
– Ringing depended on what is called the ‘9' of dead birds
- In 1931, the first 10 to show the migration of European birds was printed.